Sport events, urban regimes, and community development: a case study of Nanjing, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cities throughout the world have experienced mounting pressures to distinguish themselves in an increasingly competitive market for tourism, economic development, and investment. However, there are growing concerns about the sustainability of place promotion advantages and economic and community benefits brought about by hosting sporting events. This study examined Nanjing’s community development agenda and ongoing events strategy, in order to identify possible community development initiatives embedded in the events strategy (as evidenced in event policy), and the form they took. A deductive coding procedure was organized using four categories – agenda (problem-solving tasks), governing coalition (key individuals and organizations), resources (skills, expertise, organizational connections, informal contacts and level and scope of contributing efforts) and scheme of cooperation (coordination among the suppliers of the resources). The Nanjing regime appears to be a social-reform regime where the agenda targets disadvantaged groups or neighborhoods and focuses on community development aimed at encouraging community participation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".