“I Didn't Get to Say Good‐Bye… Didn't Get to Pet My Dogs or Nothing”: Bioecological Theory and the Indian Residential School Experience in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract For more than 100 years, Canada systematically attempted to assimilate Indigenous families, in part by separating children from their families and forcing them to attend residential schools. Non‐Indigenous Canadians are just now learning about the history of Canada's residential schools. Social scientists in Canada and elsewhere, including the United States (residential or boarding schools were not unique to Canada), are studying the impact of residential schools on adult survivors and their children, in particular by focusing on the intergenerational transmission of historical trauma. I propose a contextual model for family scholars to use in studying the long‐term and intergenerational effects of the residential schools: Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory with its emphasis on process–person–context–time. Although comprehensive contextual theories run the risk of limited precision, I conclude that Bronfenbrenner's theory does justice to a broad understanding of the residential schools and their intergenerational legacy, with important implications for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".