Disagreement Between Self-Reporting and Objective Diagnosis in Chronic Diseases Among Omanis 2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Health specialists and researchers usually collect information about chronic diseases from self-reports. However, the accuracy of self-reports has been questioned as it relies on the respondents’ understanding of pathological conditions and their ability to recall information. Accordingly, an objective diagnosis is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the presence of disease.Objective: The study objectives were to determine the extent of disagreement between self-reporting and objective diagnosis, identify contributory factors to the discrepancy, and examine the effects of the incongruity on quality of healthcare services and health status.Methods: Secondary data from the most recent Oman World Health Survey (OWHS), for which data were readily available (2008), were analysed in the current study. This was the most recent survey conducted in Oman to date as collection of the data for the subsequent survey only commenced in February 2017 and is still in progress. Agreement between the self-reporting of chronic disease (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) and the results of medical examinations was calculated using kappa (ϰ) statistics. Sociodemographic risk factors for the self-reported and objective measurement of disease were identified (second objective). Univariate analysis was measured initially to determine associations between the variables and the outcome. Thereafter, significant variables were included in multivariate analysis performed using logistic regression. The impact of disagreement on quality of healthcare service and health status (third objective) was also examined using the chi-square test in relation to health service quality and health status variables.Results: Of 3524 Oman adults, aged ≥ 20 years (48% males), agreement between the self-reported and objective measurement of chronic disease was found to be poor to moderate (ϰ = 0.001-0.141). The highest agreement was observed for diabetes mellitus (ϰ = 0.402) and the lowest was found for asthma (ϰ = 0.000). Socioeconomic or demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with the degree of agreement attained between the methods used to measure chronic disease (p = > 0.050), except for sex, age and region. The discrepancy did not significantly impact on familial support (i.e., financial, social, health, physical and personal), the responsiveness of the health system, and household income or expenditure. However, the disagreement was associated with significant effects for other healthcare service and health status variables, i.e., quality of life and health service utilisation (p = < 0.050). It was found that people with the chronic disease and aware of their health status (positive agreement), and those with negative objective measure but positive self-reported disease (negative disagreement), were more likely to access healthcare services (83% of who had a positive agreement for chronic lung disease) and to be satisfied with the quality of care provided (82% of who had a negative disagreement for hypertension), compared to those who assumed they were healthy but had a chronic disease.Conclusions and Recommendations: Although agreement between the self-reported and objective measurement of chronic disease was found to be poor to moderate, we found that some socioeconomic demographic characteristics, such as educational and economic level, did not affect the agreement of measure tools for hypertension and diabetes, except for sex, age and region. Contrary to our expectations, disagreement between objective and self-reported measures in chronic diseases appears not to significantly impact on the quality of healthcare services and health status. The high use of health care services in participants with positive disagreement may result in unnecessary healthcare service costs required to treat chronic diseases. The implications on health services use and planning of this disagreement in the diagnosis of chronic diseases have been scarcely addressed in the literature, therefore, the results from our study need to be taken as a first approximation to this issue. Provided the unexpected results, we recommend examining closely the integrity of the dataset before giving full value about the validity of them.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".