Nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of underwater remotely operated vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) method for the four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) trajectory tracking control problem of underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Two new control algorithms have been developed for ROVs. The first one, combining a nonsingular sliding surface with a fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) type reaching law, is nonsingular and chattering-free. The second one, introducing adaptive methodology to compensate for lumped uncertainties, is an improved version of the first algorithm and can be called adaptive NTSMC (ANTSMC). The adaptive methodology effectively reduces the chattering problem. Meanwhile, it also provides better robustness and higher tracking precision compared with the first algorithm. A corresponding stability analysis is presented using Lyapunov stability theory, and some comparative numerical simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".