Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter discusses how the outbreak of the First World War led to the widespread use of the imagery of ‘military Scottishness’ in Canada, not only as part of recruiting efforts, but also for other wartime purposes, including propaganda and fund-raising. In some cases, materials made use of Scottish cultural references, even when explicitly “Scottish” images were not present. In a country with numerous identified and self-identifying cultural identities, it is worth noting that many of the materials that made use of “Scottish” imagery were not explicitly targeting Scottish Canadians. This was not always the case for recruiting efforts using imagery associated with other identifiable groups, and suggests that for some at least a Scottish military identity could embrace non-Scots. Much of the chapter’s focus is on the uses and expressions of military Scottishness in First World War Canada, but it also places this experience within a wider context, including the Second World War and into the present day. Overall, this chapter addresses a number of questions about military identity and its relationship to other competing national and cultural identities within Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".