A Study on Malaysian Consumers’ Attitude and Behavioral Intention Towards Print Advertising
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between belief factors, consumers’ attitude, and consumers’ behavioral intention toward print advertising. This study also explores the mediating role of attitude on the relationship between belief factors and consumers’ behavioral intention. The six belief factors are product information, social role and image, hedonic/pleasure, irritation, personalization, and credibility. The study finds that product information, social role and image, hedonic/pleasure, irritation, and credibility have positive influences on consumers’ attitude and behavioral intention. The results reveal that attitude has positive influence on consumers’ behavioral intention. Moreover, the mediation analysis results indicate that the role of attitude mediating has been significant in product information, hedonic/pleasure, irritation, and credibility on behavioral intention. The target population for this study was those Malaysian people who have experience in searching for exposure to print advertising before. The respondents were classified according to their age, gender, race, occupation as well as their income levels. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents through online survey and questionnaire tool, Google Form. Implication and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".