Oncotically Driven Control over Glycocalyx Dimension for Cell Surface Engineering and Protein Binding in the Longitudinal Direction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Here we present a simple technique for re-directing reactions on the cell surface to the outermost region of the glycocalyx. Macromolecular crowding with inert polymers was utilized to reversibly alter the accessibility of glycocalyx proteoglycans toward cell-surface reactive probes allowing for reactivity control in the longitudinal direction (‘z’-direction) on the glycocalyx. Studies in HUVECs demonstrated an oncotically driven collapse of the glycocalyx brush structure in the presence of crowders as the mechanism responsible for re-directing reactivity. This phenomenon is consistent across a variety of macromolecular agents including polymers, protein markers and antibodies which all displayed enhanced binding to the outermost surface of multiple cell types. We then demonstrated the biological significance of the technique by increasing the camouflage of red blood cell surface antigens via a crowding-enhanced attachment of voluminous polymers to the exterior of the glycocalyx. The accessibility to Rhesus D (R h D) and CD47 proteins on the cell surface was significantly decreased in crowding-assisted polymer grafting in comparison to non-crowded conditions. This strategy is expected to generate new tools for controlled glycocalyx engineering, probing the glycocalyx structure and function, and improving the development of cell based therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".