Comparative Study on Proposed Models and Design Guideline for Flexural Strengthening of NSM FRP in RC Beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The retrofitting technique of near-surface mounting (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an alternative solution to externally bonded technique in strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) elements, in particular a significant effect is due to improving high bond action between concrete and FRP bar. A comparative study on four theoretical models and two design guidelines for contribution of NSM FRP bars to RC beams is reported and evaluated in this study. A significant number of experimental results (71 tests) of RC beam specimens, reported in the literature have been collected to validate the accuracy of the theoretical models formula. The flexural strength equations of common guideline, Canadian standard and American guideline were also used to compare the strengthening capacity of RC beams based on the available experimental results. Apparently, theoretical models have provided accurate results compared to design guidelines, the equations showed a good match with test results by considering bond action. One of the proposed formulas is quite satisfactory concerning both test results and the prediction of different design guidelines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".