Elucidating the Reactivity and Mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction at Highly Dispersed Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transforming carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with electrochemical methods allows for small-scale, modular conversion of point sources of carbon dioxide. In this work, through the preparation of a well-dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine model catalyst immobilized on carbon paper, we revealed high turnover frequencies for reducing carbon dioxide at low catalyst loadings, which are obscured at higher loadings due to aggregation. The low catalyst loadings have also enabled mechanistic studies that provide a detailed understanding of the molecular-level picture of how cobalt phthalocyanine facilitates proton and electron transfers in the rate-limiting step. We are able to tune the rate-limiting step from electron transfer to concerted proton–electron transfer, enabling higher rates of carbon dioxide reduction. Our results highlight the significance of dispersion for understanding the intrinsic catalytic performance of metal phthalocyanines for electroreduction of CO 2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".