Effects of Stress–Strain Characteristics on Local Buckling of X80 Pipe Subjected to Strike-Slip Fault Movement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structural integrity of underground pipelines are subject to a major threat from permanent ground displacements when they cross active tectonic (e.g., strike-slip) faults, because of large strains potentially induced in pipes, leading to pipe buckling and possible rupture. In this paper, the buckling behavior of X80 pipe is studied numerically with an emphasis on the effects of steel stress–strain characteristics. A rigorous mechanics-based nonlinear finite element (FE) model of a buried X80 pipe crossing a strike-slip fault is developed using shell elements and nonlinear springs for the pipe and soil resistance, respectively. The pipe steel material in the FE model is characterized by a novel and versatile stress–strain relationship, which was established to successfully capture both the round-house (RH) type and the yield-plateau (YP) type stress–strain behaviors. This allows investigating the significant effects of the stress–strain characteristics, as observed in this paper, on the buckling behavior of pressurized and nonpressurized pipes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".