Metal-Cased Oil Well Inspection Using Near-Field UWB Radar Imaging
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, monitoring of metal-cased oil wells using the ultrawideband (UWB) radar is proposed. The inspection includes the detection and imaging of perforations and corroded areas in a metal pipe. Detection of small anomalies/ perforations on the surface of a narrow metal pipe is very challenging. Here, we present a method for imaging such small anomalies based on the extra time delay of the reflected pulse due to the effect of perforation in the radar near field. In this paper, the necessary concepts for the use of UWB radar specified for this application are developed and proved based on different measurement and simulation scenarios. We have experimentally demonstrated the effect of the perforations’ size on the time delay of reflected pulses. The distance between the perforation and the radar, for the near-field phenomenon, is critical for an effective detection and imaging. Therefore, we also studied the optimal distance between the radar and the perforation. Perforations with a size range of 1–3 cm are considered for the experiments and simulations. The experiments are done both in air and diesel. Synthetic aperture radar processing is used to reconstruct the images of the perforations and corroded area. Measurement and simulation results demonstrate the potential of UWB radar systems for oil well monitoring applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it