Evaluation of Major Ancestors of North American Soybean Cultivars for Resistance to Three <i>Pythium</i> Species that Cause Seedling Blight
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pythium seedling blight, which can be caused by a number of Pythium spp., is a disease that affects soybean (Glycine max) in the United States and Canada. Pythium ultimum var. ultimum, one of the most common pathogenic species, is favored by cool, wet conditions in early spring and causes seed decay, root rot, and seedling damping-off. In all, 102 major ancestors of modern North American cultivars and "first progeny" cultivars developed directly from ancestral lines were evaluated for resistance to P. ultimum var. ultimum and two other species of Pythium in greenhouse assays. Several ancestors and first progeny cultivars, as well as the resistant check Archer, had varying levels of partial resistance to an Illinois isolate of P. ultimum var. ultimum. In a subsequent experiment, four of the most resistant lines (PI 84637, Maple Isle, Fiskeby III, and Fiskeby 840-7-3) and the susceptible cultivar Kanro were screened for resistance against isolates of P. irregulare and P. sylvaticum, and resistance to P. ultimum var. ultimum was confirmed. The lines that were partially resistant to P. ultimum var. ultimum in the first experiment were also partially resistant to P. irregulare and P. sylvaticum. The P. ultimum var. ultimum isolate was the most aggressive of the three isolates, followed by the P. irregulare and P. sylvaticum isolates. Modern cultivars descended from the soybean lines with partial resistance to these pathogens could be useful sources of resistance to Pythium seedling blight if they are found to have similar levels of resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".