Diffuse Esophageal Narrowing in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Barium Contrast Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) present with mechanical type dysphagia. Barium esophagrams occasionally demonstrate focal strictures or multiple concentric rings. Diffuse narrowing has also been reported but may be difficult to recognize because of lack of normative data. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess esophageal diameters at multiple sites in healthy controls in comparison with EoE patients. METHODS: A standardized barium swallow was performed in 22 healthy male volunteers without esophageal symptoms and compared with 10 untreated EoE patients. A radiopaque ruler attached at the subject's back was used to measure maximal esophageal diameter at three esophageal sites by a blinded observer. Peak intraepithelial eosinophil counts and Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire scores were correlated to esophageal diameters in EoE patients. RESULTS: Two of 10 EoE patients had areas of focal narrowing on barium Xray. Esophageal diameters were significantly less at all three esophageal sites in EoE patients compared with controls. Using a total esophageal diameter score (i.e., sum of the three diameters) to establish the 95th percentile for minimal diameter in controls, four of 10 EoE patients fell below the normal range. There was no significant correlation between esophageal diameters, peak eosinophil counts and any of the Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire severity scores. CONCLUSION: Patients with EoE have a diffusely narrow esophagus in comparison to healthy controls, and this abnormality may not be appreciated without using appropriate normative data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".