PENERAPAN GUGATAN CLASS ACTION DI PENGADILAN NEGERI KLAS IA PADANG
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gugatan perwakilan (class action) merupakan suatu bentuk gugatan yang melibatkan sejumlah banyak orang yang mengalami penderitaan dan kerugian, sehingga tidak efisien dan praktis apabila diajukan secara individual atau terpisah-pisah tetapi diajukan secara kolektif dalam suatu gugatan berdasarkan hukum perdata konvensional. \n Secara konvensional gugatan perwakilan (class Action) sudah dianut sejak lama di dalam suatu negara yang menganut sistem hukum Anglo Saxon. Hukum acara perdata di negara-negara tersebut juga telah secara tegas memberikan dasar bagi penerapan class action. Gugatan perwakilan (class action) secara luas telah dicantumkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan Amerika Serikat (US Federal Rule of Civil Procedure), Kanada (The Quebec Law Respecting The Class Actions), Australia (Rule 13,part 8 of Supreme Court), dan India (Code of Civil Precedure).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".