Ablation of Bax and Bak protects skeletal muscle against pressure-induced injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pressure-induced injury (PI), such as a pressure ulcer, in patients with limited mobility is a healthcare issue worldwide. PI is an injury to skin and its underlying tissue such as skeletal muscle. Muscle compression, composed of mechanical deformation of muscle and external load, leads to localized ischemia and subsequent unloading reperfusion and, hence, a pressure ulcer in bed-bound patients. Although the gross factors involved in PI have been identified, little is known about the exact disease mechanism or its links to apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation. Here, we report that PI is mediated by intrinsic apoptosis and exacerbated by autophagy. Conditional ablation of Bax and Bak activates the Akt-mTOR pathway and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy and preserves mitochondrial contents in compressed muscle. Moreover, we find that the presence/absence of Bax and Bak alters the roles and functions of autophagy in PI. Our results suggest that manipulating apoptosis and autophagy are potential therapeutic targets for treatment and prevention of PI.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".