Bibliographic record
Abstract
Safety problems have concerned many researchers studying tailings dams in recent years, as they have a high risk of failure due to liquefaction. Existing analysis of liquefaction in tailings within a critical state framework has relied on the critical state line (CSL) being unique in the volumetric plane. However, recent advances have highlighted a so-called “transitional” behaviour in which the location of the normal compression line (NCL) and CSL is a function of the density of the soils at deposition. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the mechanics of tailings taken from three locations of an iron tailings impoundment. Reconstituted samples were prepared by different methods and at different densities. No transitional behaviour was found, although the results show that the rate of convergence of the compression curves changes, with the finest pond material reaching a unique NCL earliest. The preparation method was found not to have a large effect on the behaviour for these tailings. Unique CSLs could be clearly identified for all the three tailings, but with different shapes, giving rise to a changing susceptibility to liquefaction. This susceptibility tends to increase from the pond to the upper beach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".