Robust cerebrovascular segmentation in 4D ASL MRA images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main causes of disability and death in the world. Methods for segmentation of the cerebral blood vessels can help clinicians to visualize the cerebrovascular system, determine age-related normal values, and diagnose and study cerebrovascular diseases. A common problem for these methods is the precise delineation of small vessels, due to different artifacts depending on the medical imaging modality. In this work, we present an automatic segmentation method for four dimensional arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance angiography (4D ASL MRA) images of the brain, which allows an improved segmentation of small vessels, reaching an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.946 based on an evaluation of five datasets from healthy subjects. The results show that the proposed method is able to account for the magnetic labeling decay and flow related artifacts, which considerably reduce the contrast of small vessels present in the image, leading to improved segmentation results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".