Silicon protects soybean plants against Phytophthora sojae by interfering with effector-receptor expression
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is known to protect against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic plant pathogens; however, the mechanisms by which it exerts its prophylactic role remain unknown. In an attempt to obtain unique insights into the mode of action of Si, we conducted a full comparative transcriptomic analysis of soybean (Glycine max) plants and Phytophthora sojae, a hemibiotroph that relies heavily on effectors for its virulence. Supplying Si to inoculated plants provided a strong protection against P. sojae over the course of the experiment (21 day). Our results showed that the response of Si-free (Si−) plants to inoculation was characterized early (4 dpi) by a high expression of defense-related genes, including plant receptors, which receded over time as the pathogen progressed into the roots. The infection was synchronized with a high expression of effectors by P. sojae, the nature of which changed over time. By contrast, the transcriptomic response of Si-fed (Si+) plants was remarkably unaffected by the presence of P. sojae, and the expression of effector-coding genes by the pathogen was significantly reduced. Given that the apoplast is a key site of interaction between effectors and plant defenses and receptors in the soybean-P. sojae complex, as well as the site of amorphous-Si accumulation, our results indicate that Si likely interferes with the signaling network between P. sojae and the plant, preventing or decreasing the release of effectors reaching plant receptors, thus creating a form of incompatible interaction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it