Experimental Investigation of Granular Bulk Density Effect on Bridge Local Scour under Clear-Water Conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of granular bulk density on local scour around an oblong pier under clear-water conditions is studied. A total of four open channel flume tests were conducted, in which the sediment beds were prepared at different relative states of compaction. Uniform Ottawa sand was used for all cases. Flow conditions, i.e., flow velocity and depth, were maintained the same for all cases to isolate the bulk density effect. Time evolution of the maximum scour depth and the scoured bed morphology were compared among all cases. For tests on sediment beds of the lowest and highest density, three miniature pressure transducers were installed at various depths within the bed upstream of pier nose to monitor the pore pressure response. Experimental results indicate that the erosive resistance of the sand bed is a slightly decreasing function of bulk density. The possible underlying mechanism, responsible for such different scour behaviors between test cases, is also discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it