The influence of mining on hydrology and solute transport in the Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous research has established that surface mining affects downstream water quality. However, there remains limited information and understanding about the interaction of hydrology and geochemistry in surface mined areas. This paper presents an analysis of a multi-year dataset of geochemistry across a gradient of surface mining in an alpine environment. This work formed part of an R&D program examining the influence of mining on hydrological and water quality responses in the Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada, aimed at informing effective management responses. Results indicate that water from waste rock dumps has a consistent ionic profile that is distinct from reference catchments. The export of weathering solutes did increase with the degree of mine affected area, and was consistently limited more strongly by transport capacity than by supply. Geographical location of waste rock within the catchment (headwaters or outlet) did not affect chemical concentrations or the timing with which chemically distinct waters reported to basin outlets. The dominance of transport capacity over source as limiting to solute export highlights the importance of limiting water input to waste rock piles. However, results strongly suggest that lateral water inputs do not mobilize significant amounts of weathering solutes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".