Experimental Study of the Damage of Fracturing Fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is an effective way to stimulate the production rate for reservoirs with low permeability. However, the infiltration of the fracturing fluid will damage the permeability of the reservoir matrix and the conductivity of the proppant pack. The commonly used HPG and CMHPG were selected to study the gel-breaking performance of the fracturing fluid with different mass concentration, and further to study the damage to the matrix and the proppant pack. Results showed that: The gel-breaking performance of CMHPG is better than that of HPG, the viscosity and the residue content of gel broken solution are significantly reduced; the solid phase damage is the main factor that causes the matrix damage. The smaller the reservoir permeability, the greater the damage rate caused by the fracturing fluid; the greater the amount of the thicker, the greater the amount of residue in the broken gel, and the greater the damage to the conductivity of the proppant pack.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".