Resistance Exercise Does Not Improve Habitual Physical Activity Despite Pain Relief
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee leads to physical disability and avoidance of activity. Resistance exercise can reduce pain and increase leg strength, but it is not yet clear how resistance exercise (RX) impacts habitual physical activity levels. PURPOSE: To determine whether resistance-exercise induced changes in physical function and pain relief are related to increased walking related function and habitual physical activity in older adults with knee OA. METHODS: Older adults (N=60; 69.0 ± 6.9 yr; 64% women) were randomized to a 4-month total body RX program or not. Knee pain was estimated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscore. One repetition maximum of leg strength (knee extension and leg press) and walking performance measures (walking speed, walking endurance during progressive treadmill test, 6-minute walk test distance) were collected pre and post-training. Daily step count and intensity of ambulatory activity was determined by a 7-day tracking of ambulation using a StepWatch©. RESULTS: Knee pain severity decreased by 27% in the RX group and increased by 13% by month 4. Leg extension and leg press strength increased from 17% to 22% and decreased by 4% in the control group (p<.05). Walking speed did not differ between the two groups from pre to post-training. Walking endurance treadmill time increased from 12.5 to 13.3 min in control and from 10.1 to 11.2 min in the RX group but these changes were not different between groups. Six-minute walk distance increased by 1.0-4.2% in the RX and control groups (p=.08). Pre-training average daily step counts were 5002 ± 2125 and 3601 ± 1181 in the CON and RX groups, respectively, and decreased by 614 and 356 steps a day by month 4. CONCLUSIONS: Despite pain reduction and strength gains with RX, walking-related functional indices and habitual activity levels were not impacted. Patients should be counseled that RX does not replace daily physical activity, but should be added to ambulatory activity. The importance of combining ambulatory activity and strengthening exercise to maximize possible functional improvements should be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".