Impact Dynamics of a Droplet on a Heated Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of impact velocity and substrate temperature on the impact dynamics of a water droplet on a non-heated and heated glass substrate is studied.A high-speed camera is utilized to record the time-varying droplet shapes during the impact.The initial spreading of the droplet is driven by large kinetic energy with large deformation of the free surface.The droplet recoils due to conversion of the surface energy to the kinetic energy and the internal flow reverses to radially inward.The liquid-gas surface oscillates along with the flow reversal from axially upward to axially downward, due to competition between the surface and kinetic energy.The amplitude of oscillation damps due to viscous dissipation and droplet assumes a spherical cap shape after it comes to rest.A lager impact velocity corresponds to higher kinetic energy and oscillations take longer time to dissipate.As the temperature of the substrate increases, the droplet spreads lesser due to larger resistance to the wetting at the contact line.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".