Histopathological Study of Female Striped Gourami (<i>Trichogaster Fasciata</i>, Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Gill Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Histopathological study was carried out with the gills of female striped gourami ( Trichogaster fasciata ) exposed to chlorpyrifos 20 EC. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of chlorpyrifos to observe the histopathological alterations on gills of striped gourami caused by chlorpyrifos toxicity. To conduct the experiment, 15 PVC tanks each containing 300 L water were used. Female fishes were kept in 15 tanks and conditioned for 21 days prior to chlorpyrifos exposure. Five sub-lethal concentrations (0, 15, 50, 150 and 500 μg/L) of chlorpyrifos based on previously estimated LC 50 of 880 μg/L were used in this study for 75 days. There were significant changes on gills until 75 days. A number of changes such as hemorrhage, hypertrophy, necrosis, pyknosis, vacuums, splitted gill lamellae and missing of gill lamellae were observed in the gills of striped gourami exposed to chlorpyrifos in T 15 , T 50 and T 150 µg/L concentrations. There were notable histopathological changes in T 15 , T 50 and T 150 µg/L concentrations in comparison with control group. All the fishes died within 75 days when exposed to 500 µg/L concentration of chlorpyrifos. This investigation sufficiently revealed that chlorpyrifos had adverse effects on the gills of investigated fish. The present research suggested that the use of chlorpyrifos in agriculture should be carried out with a great caution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".