On the Second-Harmonic Null in Design Space of Power Amplifiers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter investigates the source of performance degradation and efficiency null that is traditionally observed during second-harmonic load pull of active power transistors. A theory that explains the performance degradation is presented, resulting in a simplified closed-form equation that predicts the location of performance null for different device peripheries and/or design frequencies. Thereafter, the intrinsic drain waveforms for null and maximum efficiency are analyzed to study potential causes for efficiency degradation. The theory is validated using active load-pull measurements of laterally diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor and gallium nitride active devices for different peripheries (0.5-4.8 mm) at various frequencies of operation (2, 2.6, and 3.5 GHz).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it