Friction and wear behaviors of sand particle against casing steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tools abrasive wear due to sand particles has caused severe damage during oil and gas exploitation. The friction and wear behaviors of single quartz sand particle against N80 casing steel were investigated to estimate the particle transport resistance and particle abrasive wear behavior using a homemade tribometer in wellbore sand cleanout. Various measurements were conducted to research the impact factor of particle under different water processing condition, dry, short immersion, wet, influences of load and slide velocity. Experimental results indicated that particle-casing friction resistance is mainly formed due to plowing and adhesion effect. Casing transfer and plowing removal are two main damage forms. Particle real contact area increases noticeably after water absorption, which decreases the hertz contact stress and finally produces less plowing depth of casing steel and causes less damage. With load increasing, friction resistance and wear increase with addition of plowing depth. A simple particle-casing friction model was established considering the experimental contact behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".