Modelling and experimental investigation of the adsorption breakthrough behaviors of Pd (II) and Cu (II) by ETA microspheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Epichlorohydrin/thiourea modified alginate (ETA) microspheres prepared by an emulsion method were used as stationary phase in a fixed‐bed column to selectively adsorb Pd (II) from bi‐metallic solutions. The transport‐dispersive model with a linear driving force kinetics equation and a pH‐dependent competitive Langmuir isotherm was employed to predict the breakthrough curves of the metal ions from the fixed bed. RESULTS Good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results under different operating conditions confirms the validity and accuracy of the mathematical model and the derived model parameters. Metal ions elute faster from the column with steeper breakthrough curves at higher flow rates and relatively higher feed concentrations. The pH value significantly affects the competitive adsorption isotherm as well as the breakthrough curves. The fully loaded packed bed can be regenerated completely by dilute thiourea solution. CONCLUSION The tailor‐made ETA microspheres can be successfully packed in a fixed‐bed column to selectively adsorb Pd (II) from bimetallic solutions. The transport‐dispersive model is capable of predicting the adsorption performances over a wide range of operating conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".