Penicillium hermansii, a new species causing smoky mould in white button mushroom production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Competing fungi in white button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus , champignon) cultivation causes significant episodic losses. One of these competing fungi is known as “smoky mould”. It owes its name to the production of high numbers of spores after the disturbance of compost, which resembles smoke. We investigated strains isolated from smoky mould cases in the Netherlands, UK and Canada and show that these outbreaks were caused by a new Penicillium species, named P . hermansii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 124296 T ). Several Penicillium species are reported to cause smoky mould. However, we so far have no indications that smoky mould is caused by other Penicillium species than P . hermansii . This species belongs to section Exilicaulis and differs from other Penicillia by its slow growth rate on Czapek yeast agar (CYA) and malt extract agar (MEA) and its inability to grow on CYA supplemented with 5% salt and CYA and MEA incubated at 37 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".