Viability, growth, development, and performance of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exposed to neonicotinoid pesticides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) exposed from 1 h post-fertilization to the swim-up fry developmental stage were evaluated using a gravel-bed flume incubator designed to simulate a natural streambed environment. This chronic exposure tested nominal imidacloprid concentrations of 0.15, 1.5, 15, and 150 µg/L to investigate the effects on hatching success and timing, deformity rates and growth. The effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin, and mixtures of all three on burst swimming performance and routine metabolism in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were also examined after acute 96-h exposures. There was no evidence that chronic exposures impacted growth, development, hatch timing and success or survival in sockeye salmon during the embryonic pre-hatch and post-hatch alevin developmental stages. There was also no evidence that acute exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of neonicotinoids impacted swim performance or routine metabolism in swim-up fry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".