On the margins of perception - TO-clauses: a standard construction of perception verbs?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this corpus-based study is to provide an account for the fact that, contrary to what some grammars postulate, TO-infinitive clauses can be – and are – used in the complementation of perception verbs in the active. The analysis seeks to answer the underlying question of whether the norms or usages mentioned in prescriptive or descriptive grammars influence the way speakers use such constructions (perception verb + NP + TO-infinitival), while confronting these norms and usages to evidence provided by attested examples. Three varieties of English – British, American and Canadian English – are thus compared so as to identify: how frequently TO-infinitivals occur as complements; which verbs take this type of complement; and in which variety and in which register they are frequently used. It is shown that the utterances provided by the corpora contradict the norms that are prescribed or described in grammars. The study puts forward a semantic explanation as to the (in)compatibility of perception verbs with TO-infinitivals, partly based on the types of these verbs. It also demonstrates that the sentences sometimes convey a meaning of sensory perception, even if an interpretation of mental judgement or inference – often mentioned in grammars – is more frequent.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it