Measuring the Capacity to Love: Development of the CTL-Inventory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The individual capacity to love has been linked to various mental health parameters and is considered to be an important outcome parameter of psychotherapeutic treatment. However, empirical examinations of the concept have not been conducted up to now. The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of capacity to love (Capacity to Love Inventory, CTL-I) as a trait of personality, which is shown to be related to clinically relevant symptoms and conditions. METHOD: Four independent healthy samples in Austria (n=547, n=174, n=85) and Poland (n=240) were assessed by a prototype of the CTL-I and its final shorter version in a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency of the total questionnaire and each subscale was assessed by Cronbach alpha. External validity was measured against Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-R), Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI), Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) according to the theoretical framework of the CTL concept. Further test-retest reliability was assessed. RESULTS: The CFA confirmed 41 items in six dimensions: Interest in the life project of the other, Basic trust, Humility and gratitude, Common ego ideal, Permanence of sexual passion, and Acceptance of loss/jealousy/mourning. The Cronbach alphas of the total CTL-I and its subscales ranged between .67 and .90 and in all samples, suggesting a valid construct. The CTL-I was moderately positively associated with quality of relationship (Support r=.63, Conflict r=-.66, Depth r=.66) and inversely associated with symptoms of depression (r=-.37), pathological narcissism (r=-.29) and promiscuity (r=-.42). The test-retest reliability of the total CTL-I was high with r=.81, suggesting the stability of answers over time. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed 41-item version of the CTL-I is a psychometrically sound and validated instrument measuring six dimensions of the concept of the capacity to love. The reported negative associations with clinically relevant parameters such as depression, pathological narcissism and promiscuity as well as associations with relationship qualities such as conflicts, support and depth warrant its future use in burdened populations including couples in clinical settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".