Screening for depression: Review of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for nurse practitioners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Depression is a major health concern encountered by nurse practitioners working in an array of health care settings. Many current guidelines and articles on this topic recommend using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screening tool. Nurse practitioners should have a sophisticated knowledge of this tool. METHODS: Review of the criteria for diagnosing depression as well as depression screening tools. Database search of EMBASE, CINAHL, and MEDLINE for articles about the PHQ-9. Discussion of how the instrument is used in the clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS: The PHQ-9 is a free tool that nurse practitioners can use to screen patients in the primary care environment. Screening will detect more instances of depression, which is often missed in this population of patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurse practitioners can and should use the PHQ-9 when screening for depression. However, they should do so with full knowledge and awareness of its strengths and limitations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".