Bibliographic record
Abstract
Retinal disorders in children can be very different than those in adults, and there are a number of considerations that are unique to the management of pediatric retina patients. Although we have made significant advances in our understanding of pediatric retinal disease, there is much we are still learning about the physiology and management of these conditions. The use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has revolutionized the management of eye diseases, especially retinal vascular conditions. And now with use in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), anti-VEGF agents may give us a viable option in treating the most aggressive forms of disease, for example, aggressive posterior ROP. In addition to advances in therapy, we have seen a number of technological advancements in ophthalmic imaging and surgery for children. The field of pediatric retinal diseases is evolving at an incredible pace with widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography angiography, small gauge vitrectomy, and endoscopic surgery. This special issue of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology is dedicated to the subject of pediatric retinal diseases. The review articles were prepared by international experts in the field with topics ranging from pharmacotherapy, ROP, hereditary retinal diseases, surgical approaches to pediatric retinal disease, pediatric uveitis, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and imaging. The fundamentals around pharmacotherapy for the treatment of ROP will be discussed along with the evolving management paradigm for the use of anti-VEGF in the management of pediatric retinal disorders beyond ROP. An update on the management of retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy in childhood, is presented. We have now moved from not just having the ability to save a child's life, but with intra-arterial chemotherapy we also have vision-saving therapies for even the most advanced cases. There have also been recent advances in genetic testing and gene therapy for certain pediatric retinal conditions, and we are provided with the latest insights in hereditary retinal diseases. Imaging to better evaluate children is burgeoning, and the use of the latest imaging technology and ultra-widefield imaging are improving the diagnosis and understanding of pediatric retinal disease. New surgical approaches have been introduced more routinely with the application of endoscopy in pediatric vitreoretinal surgery. Endoscopy has made some of the most difficult cases more possible and ultimately may provide better outcomes for some patients who may have been considered inoperable. This special issue of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology on pediatric retinal diseases provides a must needed resource for those who care for the pediatric retina patient. We also hope this will stimulate more interest among the next generation of retinal specialists into taking on the challenge of caring for this unique group of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".