Endothelial dysfunction and smoking factor in patients with coronary heart disease while testing the radial artery prior to coronary bypass surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patients (111 males) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina, II-III functional class, accompanied by arterial hypertension (AH), I-III degree, in 77 % of cases (mean age was 62.00.76 years) were examined prior to coronary bypass surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 56 nonsmoking patients (112 upper extremities) and group 2 - 55 smoking patients (110 upper extremities) with the experience of smoking being 331.6 years on average. The thumb of both the right and left hand was tested for peripheral microcirculatory blood flow (MBF) by using a laser-Doppler flowmetry method (LDF). This quantitative method was developed at our clinic to assess the adequacy of collateral circulation in the hand. The method compares MBF provided by the ulnar artery, with the radial artery occluded, with the background level. Some features of various clinical parameters in the group of smokers suffering from coronary artery disease were analyzed in comparison with those of non-smokers. Significant differences were found in the indicators of lipid profile: increased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against the background of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the group of smoking patients. We found out that the smokers had to apply for surgical treatment by 7 years (on average) earlier; they had a significantly greater number of heart attacks and showed the lowest body mass index (BMI). The LDF test helped to establish that smoking in patients with CHD enhances the endothelial dysfunction, while significantly reducing the reactivity of the microvascular bed under the influence of hyperemic stimulus. Sampling the radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting in smokers tended to give negative results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".