A Polyanion Host as a Prospective High Voltage Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is essential to develop efficient electrode materials for sodium in batteries, which are currently being considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we are presenting NaMnBO 3 nanoparticles with conductive carbon matrix (C-NMB) synthesized by urea-assisted hydrothermal method used as a potential cathode material in sodium ion batteries. The C-NMB electrode delivered discharge capacities of 116 mAh g −1 , 97 mAh g −1 , and 52 mAh g −1 at 0.2 C, 0.5 C, and 2 C rates, respectively and exhibited excellent cyclic behavior at all current densities. Further, the C-NMB electrode demonstrated the best electrochemical stability among other polyanion cathodes, with a capacity fade of 0.06% per cycle at 2 C after 250 cycles with more than 99% coulombic efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the reduction in oxygen containing surface functionalities (carboxyl groups) further increased the electrical conductivity of the NMB materials. The ex-situ XRD studies after first initial charge and discharge steps reveals that the hexagonal C-NMB electrode displays a topotactic sodium storage mechanism. These outcomes will contribute to the progress of developing low cost, eco-friendly electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".