GEOCHEMICAL NORMALIZERS APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF THE PROVENANCE OF LITHOGENIC MATERIALS DEPOSITED AT THE ENTRANCE OF A COASTAL LAGOON. A CASE STUDY IN AVEIRO LAGOON (PORTUGAL) / NORMALIZADORES GEOQUÍMICOS APLICADOS AO ESTUDO DE PROVENIÊNCIA DE MATERIAIS LITOGÉNICOS DEPOSITADOS NA ENTRADA DE UMA LAGUNA COSTEIRA. UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA LAGUNA DE AVEIRO (PORTUGAL)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of geochemical normalizers has been applied in sedimentological studies in several study contexts, such as pollution, diagenetic and provenance assessment. Selected textural and mineralogical data of 137 surface sediment samples were compared by statistical analyses with geogenic elements concentrations normalized by the Al, Be, Ce, Fe, Fe+Al, Li, Rb and Sc aiming to identify the best normalizer to trace different sources of bottom sediments for the Aveiro Lagoon entrance (NW of Portugal). The study area is heterogenous in terms of hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes.The most commonly applied geochemical normalizer for the sediments elemental concentrations has been the aluminum. However, the statistical analyses evidenced that the best normalizer was the scandium, since Principal Components Analysis results have evidenced that the element/Sc values are largely independent of sediment granulometry and thus have allowed the identification of compositional differences not related to grain size. Statistical analyses have also allowed to discriminate groups of stations that: i) trace the entry and exit of mixed sources sediments of the lagoon due to the action of tidal currents; ii) contain materials provided from the erosion of granitoids present mainly along the Douro River basin, located to the north, and transported southward by coastal drift; iii) encompasse sediments provided from the erosion of the Schist–Greywacke Complex crossed by the Vouga River that drains into the inner central zone of the lagoon and; iv) represent an area of sediment accumulation located near the entrance of Mira Channel, where lithogenic materials, provided by mixed lithologies in addition to organic matter, are being deposited. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge of the sedimentary dynamics of the Aveiro Lagoon, a coastal system which is part of a littoral stretch that is being strongly eroded, due to natural and anthropic causes and should be applicable to other coastal systems with similar characteristics. ResumoO uso de normalizadores geoquímicos tem sido aplicado em estudos sedimentológicos em diversos contextos, como por exemplo, de poluição, avaliação diagenética e de proveniência de sediments. Dados texturais e mineralógicos selecionados de 137 amostras de sedimentos superficiais foram comparados através de análises estatísticas com concentrações de elementos geogênicos normalizadas por Al, Be, Ce, Fe, Fe + Al, Li, Rb e Sc. O estudo visou identificar o melhor normalizador para traçar diferentes fontes de sedimentos de fundo para a entrada da Lagoa de Aveiro (NW de Portugal), uma área heterogênea em termos de processos hidrodinâmicos e sedimentares.O normalizador geoquímico mais comumente aplicado em sedimentos tem sido o alumínio. No entanto, as análises estatísticas evidenciaram que o melhor normalizador foi o escândio, uma vez que os resultados da análise de componentes principal evidenciaram que os valores das razões elemento/Sc são amplamente independentes da granulometria sedimentar e permitiram a identificação de diferenças composicionais não relacionadas com o tamanho do grão. Análises estatísticas também permitiram discriminar grupos de estações que: i) traçam a entrada e saída de fontes mistas de sedimentos da laguna, devido à ação das correntes de maré; ii) contêm materiais provenientes da erosão de granitóides presentes principalmente ao longo da bacia do Rio Douro, localizada a norte, e transportados para sul por deriva litoral; iii) contêm sedimentos provenientes da erosão do Complexo Xisto-grauvaquico atravessado pelo Rio Vouga, que desagua na zona central interna da laguna e; iv) representam uma área de acumulação de sedimentos localizada perto da entrada do Canal Mira, onde materiais litogênicos, fornecidos por litologias diversificadas, além de matéria orgânica, estão sendo depositados.Os resultados deste trabalho contribuem para o conhecimento da dinâmica sedimentar da Laguna de Aveiro, um sistema costeiro que faz parte de um trecho litorâneo fortemente erodido, devido a causas naturais e antrópicas and may be applicable to other coastal systems with similar characteristics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it