Investigation of raphe function in the bicuspid aortic valve and its influence on clinical criteria—<scp>A</scp> patient‐specific finite element study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aortic valve is normally composed of 3 cusps. In one common lesion, 2 cusps are fused together. The conjoined area of the fused cusps is termed raphe. Occurring in 1% to 2% of the population, the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation. The majority of BAV patients eventually require surgery. There is a lack in the literature regarding modeling of the raphe (geometry and material properties), its role and its influence on BAV function. The present study aims to propose improvements on these aspects. Three patient-specific finite element models of BAVs were created based on 3D trans-esophageal echocardiography measurements, and assuming age-dependent material properties. The raphe was initially given the same material properties as its underlying cusps. Two levels of validation were performed; one based on the anatomical validation of the pressurized geometry in diastole (involving 7 anatomical measures), as simulated starting from the unpressurized geometry, and the other based on a functional assessment using clinical measurements in both systole and diastole (involving 16 functional measures). The pathology was successfully reproduced in the FE models of all 3 patients. To further investigate the role of the raphe, 2 additional scenarios were considered; (1) the raphe was considered as almost rigid, (2) the raphe was totally removed. The results confirmed the interpretation of the raphe as added stiffness in the fused cusp's rotation with respect to the aortic wall, as well as added support for stress distribution from the fused cusps to the aortic wall.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it