Effects of age, gender, and risk‐factors for heart failure on native myocardial T<sub>1</sub> and extracellular volume fraction using the SASHA sequence at 1.5T
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Understanding cardiac MR T 1 mapping values might require examination of the effects of age, gender, and heart failure risk factors. Purpose/Hypothesis To evaluate the effects of gender, age, and presence of heart failure risk factors on myocardial native T 1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Study Type Retrospective, cross‐sectional, observational study. Population Secondary analysis of cardiac MR data, separated by gender and health status, based on the presence of at least one heart failure risk factor. Field Strength/Sequence Cardiac MR imaging at 1.5T, including T 1 mapping using the SAturation recovery single‐SHot Acquisition (SASHA) sequence. Assessment Interventricular septal region‐of‐interest analysis for assessment of native T1 and ECV. Statistical Tests Group comparisons performed using Student t‐test, or nonparametric equivalent. Linear regression was used to assess relationships between age and T 1 measurements. Results Native T 1 and ECV were available in 187 and 143 subjects, respectively. T 1 and ECV were independent of age in all groups (Native T 1 : healthy women P = 0.655; healthy men P = 0.906; at‐risk women P = 0.487; at‐risk men P = 0.683; ECV: healthy women P = 0.685; healthy men P = 0.199; at‐risk women P = 0.152; at‐risk men P = 0.747). T 1 and ECV were higher in healthy women versus men (1202 ± 30 ms versus 1167 ± 36 ms, P = 0.0000 and 22 ± 2% versus 20 ± 2%, P = 0.0089), while values were similar in women and men with risk factors (1197 ± 55 ms versus 1193 ± 45 ms, P = 0.6556, 21 ± 2% versus 21 ± 3%, P = 0.5039). No differences existed in native T 1 or ECV between women with or without risk factors ( P = 0.6344 and P = 0.1026), whereas men with risk factors showed higher native T 1 values ( P = 0.0070). Data Conclusion Native T 1 and ECV measured with SASHA do not vary with age, regardless of gender or the presence of factors for heart failure. Native T 1 and ECV are higher in healthy women than men, but do not differ in the presence of risk factors, suggesting a different myocardial response to risk factors between genders. Level of Evidence : 3 Technical Efficacy : Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1307–1317.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".