Testis-specific isoform of angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) as a candidate marker for bull fertility
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although a traditional bull breeding soundness evaluation is designed to identify bulls that are grossly abnormal, bulls classified as satisfactory potential breeders still vary in fertility, implying submicroscopic differences in sperm characteristics. Testis-specific isozyme of angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) is involved in the regulation of sperm function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine tACE content, activity and localisation in bull spermatozoa and their associations with fertility. Semen from low-fertility (LF) and high-fertility (HF) Holstein bulls (n=20) with known FERTSOL rates, which represents the 56-day non-return rate, were used. There was greater tACE content (P<0.05) and tACE activity (P<0.01) in HF versus LF spermatozoa. Based on immunolocalisation, tACE was either in the acrosomal or postacrosomal region of the sperm head, with HF bulls having a higher proportion of spermatozoa with tACE in the acrosomal region than LF bulls (P<0.05). tACE content, activity, localisation to the acrosomal region and progressive motility were significantly correlated with fertility and, based on regression analysis, tACE content was predictive of fertility. tACE content and activity in semen were similar between yearling (10-13 months old) and mature (3-4 years old) bulls. Therefore, tACE has potential as a marker of field fertility in bulls at their earliest possible age.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it