Human Part Segmentation in Depth Images with Annotated Part Positions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a method of segmenting human parts in depth images, when provided the image positions of the body parts. The goal is to facilitate per-pixel labelling of large datasets of human images, which are used for training and testing algorithms for pose estimation and automatic segmentation. A common technique in image segmentation is to represent an image as a two-dimensional grid graph, with one node for each pixel and edges between neighbouring pixels. We introduce a graph with distinct layers of nodes to model occlusion of the body by the arms. Once the graph is constructed, the annotated part positions are used as seeds for a standard interactive segmentation algorithm. Our method is evaluated on two public datasets containing depth images of humans from a frontal view. It produces a mean per-class accuracy of 93.55% on the first dataset, compared to 87.91% (random forest and graph cuts) and 90.31% (random forest and Markov random field). It also achieves a per-class accuracy of 90.60% on the second dataset. Future work can experiment with various methods for creating the graph layers to accurately model occlusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".