Wetting dynamics in two-liquid systems: Effect of the surrounding phase viscosity
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports the experimental results of a water droplet spreading on a glass substrate submerged in an oil phase. The radius of the wetted area grows exponentially over time forming two distinct regimes. The early time dynamics of wetting is characterized with the time exponent of 1, referred to as the viscous regime, which is ultimately transitioned to the Tanner's regime with the time exponent of 0.1. It is revealed that an increase in the ambient phase viscosity over three decades considerably slows down the rate of three-phase contact line movement. A scaling law is developed where the three-phase contact line velocity is a function of both spreading radius and mean viscosity, close to the geometric mean of the droplet and ambient fluids' viscosities. Using the proposed scaling and mean viscosity, all plots of spreading radius for different viscosity ratios collapse to a master curve. Furthermore, several cases with multiple rupture and spreading points, i.e., wetting in a nonideal system, are considered. The growth of an equivalent wetting radius in a multiple point spreading system is predicted by the developed scaling law.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it