High Tap Density Co and Ni Containing P2‐Na<sub>0.66</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub> Buckyballs: A Promising High Voltage Cathode for Stable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Constructing high voltage (>4.5 V) cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries has emerged in recent years to replace lithium batteries for large scale energy storage applications. Herein, an electrochemically stable Na 0.66 (Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 )O 2 (Na‐NMC) buckyballs with an uniform size of 5 µm and a high tap density of 2.34 g cm −3 , which exhibit excellent cyclability even at the high current with a cut‐off voltage of 4.7 V, is demonstrated. The Na‐NMC buckyballs are prepared from (Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 )CO 3 (NMC) precursor synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The Na‐NMC delivers a reversible capacity of around 120 mAh g −1 between 4.7 and 2 V at 1 C rate along with an excellent cyclic stability (90%) until 150 cycles, which is one of the best outcomes among the reported P2‐type cathodes tested at the high operating voltage range. Furthermore, Na‐NMC‐180 buckyballs with a high tap density is offering an enhanced volumetric energy density, a superior rate performance and an outstanding cyclic stability. The X‐ray adsorption fine structure analysis is used to study the local electronic structure changes around the Co, Mn, and Ni after cycling process at 1 C rate. The findings open opportunities for tailoring high‐performance and high‐energy cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".