Novel High-Energy-Density Rechargeable Hybrid Sodium–Air Cell with Acidic Electrolyte
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-cost, high-energy-density, and highly efficient devices for energy storage have long been desired in our society. Herein, a novel high-energy-density hybrid sodium–air cell was fabricated successfully on the basis of acidic catholytes. Such a hybrid sodium–air cell possess a high theoretical voltage of 3.94 V, capacity of 1121 mAh g –1, and energy density of 4418 Wh kg –1 . First, the buffering effect of an acidic solution was demonstrated, which provides relatively long and stable cell discharge behaviors. Second, the catholytes of hybrid sodium–air cells were optimized systematically from the solutions of 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 + 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 to 0.1 M HAc + 0.1 M NaAc and it was found that the cells with 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 + 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 displayed a maximum power density of 34.9 mW cm –2 . The cell with 0.1 M H 3 PO 4 + 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 displayed higher discharge capacity of 896 mAh g –1 . Moreover, the fabricated acidic hybrid sodium–air cells exhibited stable cycling performance in ambient air and they delivered a low voltage gap around 0.3 V when the current density is 0.13 mA cm –2, leading to a high energy efficiency up to 90%. Therefore, the present study provides new opportunities to develop highly cost-effective energy storage technologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".