THE INSTITUTE OF BUNKRUPTCY AS THE UNIVERSAL SYSTEM FOR REGULATION INSOLVENCY RELATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the insolvency laws of countries such as Canada, Britain, France, Italy and Japan in terms of its versatility and flexibility, as an indicator of an efficient system of bankruptcy. It was established that the legislation of those countries formed of different mechanisms of initiation of the proceedings and the use of reorganization procedures, depending on the value of the debtor and its place in the economy. It was determined that in Ukraine size of indisputable monetary claims should be based on the classification of business entities under Art. 55 of the Commercial Code of Ukraine. REFERENCES1. Chorna Yu.V. ed. (2013), Zakonodatelstvo o bankrotstve kak mehanizm effektivnogo pravovogo regulirovaniya [Bankruptcy law as a mechanism for effective legal regulation], European Applied Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 207 — 211.2. UNCITRAL (2016), "Insolvency Law UNCITRAL", аvailable at: http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/ru/uncitral_texts/insolvency.html3. David Mann (2007), "An Overview of Canadian Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law", available at: http://www.acc.com/education/webcasts/upload/an-overview-of-canadian-insolvency-law.pdf4. Amerikan Bar Association (2016), "Hands Across the Borders — Comparative Insolvency Regimes in the United States, Canada and Mexico American Bar"//Association Spring Meeting 2009-Business Law Section Commercial Financial Services Committee. 16p, available at: http://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/newsletter/0080/materials/pp3.pdf5. Chorna Yu.V. ed. (2014), "UK legislation on insolvency and bankruptcy", Rehabilitation and Bankruptcy, vol. 3-4, pp. 240 – 248.6. Clifford Chance (2012), "European Insolvency Procedures", available at: http://www.cliffordchance.com/briefings/2014/06/a_guide_to_europeanrestructuringandinsolvenc. html7. The official site of Committee on Property Issues The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016), "Legislation on Bankruptcy France", available at: http://www.komitet2-5.km.duma.gov.ru/site.xp/051052052.html8. Schapova A., Ruschitskiy I.E. and Voronina A.B. "Analysis of the bankruptcy proceedings in France, Germany, England and Russia", Molodezh i nauka, [Online], available at: http://min.usaca.ru/uploads/article/attachment/145/259. Filatov A.M. and Shibanova-Roenko E.A. (2012), "The French model of insolvency", Uspehi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya, vol. 4, pp. 127-129.10. European Judicial Network (2016), "Bankruptcy — France", available at: http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/bankruptcy/bankruptcy_fra_en.htm11. Chorna Yu.V. ed. (2013), "Insolvency Law in Japan", The Right of Ukraine, vol. 3-4, pp. 435—442.12. Oliver Hart (1999), "Different approaches to bankruptcy", The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, Paris, France.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".