Determination of pinene content in black liquor by solvent-assisted/pyrogallol-protected headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A solvent-assisted and pyrogallol (PG)-protected headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was developed to determine the pinene (α- and β-pinene) content in the kraft pulping black liquor (BL). Ethanol (EtOH) addition eliminated pinene’s micelles in BL by complete dissolution in the EtOH/BL medium. PG was applied to protect pinene from oxidation during the sample storage and measurement. The results showed that, with a 25% (v/v) of EtOH content and a 0.1 g of PG in 5-ml of sample solution, a rapid and stable pinene HS extraction can be obtained in 20 min at 80°C. The method has high precision with relative standard deviations within 4.2%. The sensitivity [limits of quantification (LOQ) are ~140 μg l −1 ] was high, and a good accuracy (recovery=96.0–104%) was typical for the pinene detection. The presented method is simple, rapid, accurate and is suitable for pinene quantification in biorefinery related processes and it leads to the preparation of high-value chemicals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".