Rôles non-canoniques des arrestines dans la signalisation et l’endocytose des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G
Bibliographic record
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the biggest family of membrane receptors and are involved in numerous physiological processes. Collectively, these receptors are also prominently targeted by the pharmaceutical industry due to their implications in multiple diseases and disorders. GPCR signaling is tightly regulated. Several kinases, activated downstream of the receptor, initiate negative feedback loops; and arrestins play a crucial role in these regulatory processes by desensitizing the ligand–activated receptor and promoting its endocytosis. By doing so, arrestins control the duration and the amplitude of signal transduction at the cell surface. In the last few years, several non-canonical roles have also been attributed to arrestins, such as the post-endocytic activation of several signalling pathways, or the regulation of crosstalks between GPCRs and various other signalling events. My thesis project was aimed at providing a better understanding of the non-canonical functions of arrestins. The first objective of my research work was to investigate a possible reciprocal effect of the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) on GPCR signaling. We demonstrated that stimulation of ERK1/2, either by a cell surface receptor or a constitutively active mutant, leads to a reduction in steady-state expression levels of many GPCRs at the cell surface. This receptor redistribution mechanism is dependent on beta-arrestins phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assays combined with complementation experiments in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking beta-arrestins, revealed that beta-arrestin-2 phosphorylation on Ser14 and Thr276 is essential for the ERK1/2-promoted GPCR sequestration. This ERK1/2- and arrestins mediated regulatory process was found to result in a global dampening of cell responsiveness. The second objective of my research work was to identify and develop a small organic compound that inhibits the interaction between arrestins and the adaptor protein AP-2, without interfering with the recruitment of arrestin to the receptor. This inhibitor, named Barbadin, was found to specifically block endocytic processes that are dependent on the interaction between arrestins and the appendage domain of the b-subunit of AP-2. We demonstrated its value as an analytical tool in studying the role of the arrestins in GPCR signaling, such as cAMP production and ERK1/2 activation. These results support the concept that beta-arrestin/AP-2-dependent signaling is important to both G protein-dependent and -independent pathways. The third objective of my research work was to develop a BRET-based biosensor able to detect signal-dependent PTEN conformational changes. This biosensor was validated by monitoring PTEN activation induced by targeted mutations affecting key intramolecular interactions or by modulating signalling pathways that impact PTEN function. We also demonstrated the value of this biosensor in studying PTEN/protein interactions using two known interactors that activate PTEN, beta-arrestin-2 and RhoA. Finally, we uncovered PTEN activation by several GPCRs, previously unknown as PTEN regulators. Given the central role of the tumor suppressor PTEN in oncogenesis, this biosensor could also provide a precious tool for anti-cancer drug research. To conclude, my research work highlighted non-canonical mechanisms for arrestins to activate GPCR-dependent signaling pathways, such as cAMP, ERK1/2 and PTEN, as well as negatively regulate GPCR signaling upon phosphorylation by ERK1/2. This work was made possible by the development of new tools: a beta-arrestin inhibitor named Barbadin and a PTEN BRET-based biosensor that have both shown their usefulness in studying beta-arrestin noncanonical signaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".