TRAVELLING THE EMPIRE AND THE REPUBLIC IN AN ORIENTALIST CONTEXT: FREDERICK BURNABY S ON HORSEBACK THROUGH ASIA MINOR AND PHILIP GLAZEBROOK S JOURNEY TO KARS: A MODERN TRAVELER IN THE OTTOMAN LANDS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nineteenth century British imperialism made travel a necessity as well as a possibility for British subjects. In that imperialist context Frederick Burnaby traveled through the Ottoman Anatolia from Istanbul to Kars in 1877. More than a hundred years later it was that time trying to reconstruct the structure of feeling of the nineteenth century travelers that Philip Glazebrook undertook a similar itinerary in 1980. Using Edward W. Said’s findings on the common points of the Orientalist discourse, the purpose of this study is to compare the discourses of two travelogues written on Turkey in different centuries. Considering the fact that travel writing is a highly inter-textual genre, the impact of Burnaby’s and Glazebrook’s travelogues, written on Turkey in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries respectively, makes them especially helpful to us to understand how the Orientalist discourse operate through time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".