Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The stability of imipenem in 5% dextrose in water (D5W) in the presence of cilastatin at 4°C and 23°C was tested over a 17-day period. In addition to visual inspection and pH, the concentration of imipenem was determined by a stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method. Within and between days analytical error, determined on replicate sample analysis, averaged less than 3%. The concentration of cilastatin was not measured. Thirteen human teeth were stored in sterile water, D5W, imipenem in D5W prepared fresh every 52-64 hours, or completely degraded imipenem diluted in D5W. The colour of each tooth was inspected during 36-clays of storage at room temperature. Imipenem solutions of 5 mg/mL in D5W lost more than 10% of their initial concentration when stored for more than 48 hours at 4°C or stored for more than six hours at room temperature. Protecting solutions from light had no significant effect on the degradation rate. The pH of all imipenem solutions declined during storage by approximately one pH unit and then began to rise. The colour of all solutions changed from being initially colourless to a very light yellow. Solutions stored at room temperature turned reddish brown within seven days. There was no visible staining of intact tooth enamel or dentine by any solution during 36-clays of storage at room temperature. Staining was restricted to root cementum, enamel pits and fissures containing organic debris and was greater with completely degraded imipenem solutions. In conclusion, we recommend imipenem solutions should be stored at 4°C for no more than 24 hours prior to patient administration. We hypothesize that staining of teeth during imipenem therapy is the result of staining of accumulated plaque on the enamel surface. Imipenem does not appear to stain enamel or dentine directly. RESUME La stabilite de l'imipenem en presence de cilastatine, dans un solute de dextrose a 5 % (D5W) a ete testee a des temperatures de 4 °C et de 23 °C sur une periode de 17 jours. Outre les inspections visuelles et enlever a la verification du pH, on a determine la concentration d'imipenem au moyen d'une epreuve de stabilite par chromatographie liquide. La marge d'erreur analytique pour une meme journee ou entre deux journees, determinee par une analyse d'echantillon repete, etait inferieure a 3 % en moyenne. La concentration de cilastatine n'a pas ete mesuree. On a depose 13 dents humaines dans de l'eau sterile, du D5W, de l'imipenem dans du D5W fraichement prepare toutes les 52 a 64 heures ou de l'imipenem completement degrade dilue dans du D5W. La couleur de chacune des dents a ete inspectee au cours de la periode d'entreposage de 36 jours a la temperature ambiante. Les solutions d'imipenem de 5 mg/mL de D5W ont perdu plus de 10 % de leur concentration initiale enlever d'imipenem lorsqu'elles etaient entreposees pendant plus de 48 heures a une temperature de 4 °C ou pendant plus de six heures a la temperature ambiante. L'entreposage des solutions a l'abri de la lumiere n'a pas eu d'effet notable sur le taux de degradation. Le pH de toutes les solutions d'imipenem a diminue d'environ une unite de pH durant la periode d'entreposage, pour ensuite augmenter. Toutes les solutions qui etaient a l'origine incolores sont passees au jaune tres clair. Les solutions entreposees a la temperature ambiante sont devenues d'un brun rougeâtre apres sept jours. Aucune des solutions n'a provoque de coloration de l'email ou de la dentine des dents intactes au cours de 36 jours d'entreposage a la temperature ambiante. La coloration s'est limitee au cement, aux cuvettes et fissures de l'email contenant des debris organiques et etait plus prononcee avec les solutions d'imipenem completement degrade. En conclusion, nous recommandons d'entreposer les solutions d'imipenem a une temperature de 4 °C et pour un maximum de 24 heures avant leur administration. Nous emettons l'hypothese selon laquelle la coloration des dents au cours du traitement a l'imipenem serait le resultat de la coloration de plaque accumulee sur l'email. L'imipenem ne semble pas colorer l'email ou la dentine de facon directe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".