P.029 Case report: pediatric enterovirus encephalitis - a rare complication of rituximab therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Opportunistic infection should be considered when seeing neurological complications in the setting of immunosuppression. Accumulating evidence that enteroviral meningoencephalitis can occur after rituximab administration exists but differentiating it from non-infectious conditions can be challenging. Methods: Case report Results: We describe a 4 year-old-boy with a history of pulmonary capillaritis, treated with immunosuppressive therapy -including steroids, rituximab, and azathioprine. He developed mutism and ataxia after 18 months on rituximab. MRI Brain/Spine revealed extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the deep subcortical white matter, temporal lobes, globus pallidi, thalami, brainstem, and cerebellum; and swelling of the dorsal cervical cord, showing primarily grey matter involvement. IgG levels had a decreasing trend over the course of Rituximab. CSF, and subsequent brain biopsy, were both positive for enterovirus RNA by RT-PCR. He was thought to have enterovirus encephalitis secondary to rituximab therapy, and was treated with IVIG and fluoxetine. Conclusions: One should consider chronic opportunistic CNS infections in children treated with immunosuppressive therapy, and to consider chronic enterovirus infection when B-cell suppression has occurred. As rituximab is being increasingly used in the pediatric population, and is generally thought to be safe, attention should be paid to any child with chronic neurological signs, particularly younger children who may be at higher risk for chronic enterovirus infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".