A Roadmap for it Project Implementation: Integrating Stakeholders and Change Management Issues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to studies, the success rate for information technology (IT) implementation is, in general, quite low. Research and field experience suggest that for better results, models must incorporate a wide range of factors, closely involve stakeholders, pay attention to social factors, and integrate better change management practices. This paper proposes an integrated approach to IT implementation, with a strong emphasis on stakeholders' contribution. It describes critical behaviors expected from management at each step of the implementation process. The model is based on literature and on successful field experiments. It takes into account technical, project, and change management aspects, and provides a roadmap of key factors to guide IT project leaders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.044 | 0.054 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.022 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".